References
1. Wang JK, Klein HG. Red blood cell transfusion in the treatment and management of anaemia: the search for the elusive transfusion trigger. Vox Sang. 2010;98(1):2-11.
2. Klein HG, Spahn DR, Carson JL. Red blood cell transfusion in clinical practice. The Lancet. 2007;370(9585):415-426.
3. Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(6):409-417.
4. Carson JL, Stanworth SJ, Roubinian N, et al. Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;10(10):CD002042.
5. Carless PA, Henry DA, Carson JL, Hebert PP, McClelland B, Ker K. Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010(10):CD002042.
6. Carson JL, Stanworth SJ, Dennis JA, et al. Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;12(12):CD002042.
7. Carson JL, Guyatt G, Heddle NM, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines From the AABB: Red Blood Cell Transfusion Thresholds and Storage. JAMA. 2016;316(19):2025-2035.
8. Carson JL, Grossman BJ, Kleinman S, et al. Red blood cell transfusion: a clinical practice guideline from the AABB*. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157(1):49-58.
9. Chen JH, Fang DZ, Tim Goodnough L, Evans KH, Lee Porter M, Shieh L. Why providers transfuse blood products outside recommended guidelines in spite of integrated electronic best practice alerts. J Hosp Med. 2015;10(1):1-7.
10. Goodnough LT, Shieh L, Hadhazy E, Cheng N, Khari P, Maggio P. Improved blood utilization using real-time clinical decision support. Transfusion. 2014;54(5):1358-1365.
11. McKinney ZJ, Peters JM, Gorlin JB, Perry EH. Improving red blood cell orders, utilization, and management with point-of-care clinical decision support. Transfusion. 2015;55(9):2086-2094.
12. Butler CE, Noel S, Hibbs SP, et al. Implementation of a clinical decision support system improves compliance with restrictive transfusion policies in hematology patients. Transfusion. 2015;55(8):1964-1971.
13. Hibbs SP, Nielsen ND, Brunskill S, et al. The impact of electronic decision support on transfusion practice: a systematic review. Transfus Med Rev. 2015;29(1):14-23.
14. Jenkins I, Doucet JJ, Clay B, et al. Transfusing Wisely: Clinical Decision Support Improves Blood Transfusion Practices. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2017;43(8):389-395.
15. Derzon JH, Clarke N, Alford A, Gross I, Shander A, Thurer R. Restrictive Transfusion Strategy and Clinical Decision Support Practices for Reducing RBC Transfusion Overuse. Am J Clin Pathol. 2019;152(5):544-557.
16. Saag HS, Lajam CM, Jones S, et al. Reducing liberal red blood cell transfusions at an academic medical center. Transfusion. 2017;57(4):959-964.
17. Sadana D, Pratzer A, Scher LJ, et al. Promoting High-Value Practice by Reducing Unnecessary Transfusions With a Patient Blood Management Program. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(1):116-122.
18. Yerrabothala S, Desrosiers KP, Szczepiorkowski ZM, Dunbar NM. Significant reduction in red blood cell transfusions in a general hospital after successful implementation of a restrictive transfusion policy supported by prospective computerized order auditing. Transfusion. 2014;54(10 Pt 2):2640-2645.
19. Zuckerberg GS, Scott AV, Wasey JO, et al. Efficacy of education followed by computerized provider order entry with clinician decision support to reduce red blood cell utilization. Transfusion. 2015;55(7):1628-1636.
20. Adams ES, Longhurst CA, Pageler N, Widen E, Franzon D, Cornfield DN. Computerized physician order entry with decision support decreases blood transfusions in children. Pediatrics. 2011;127(5):e1112-e1119.
21. Alfonso AR, Hutzler L, Lajam C, Bosco J, Goldstein J. Institution-Wide Blood Management Protocol Reduces Transfusion Rates Following Spine Surgery. Int J Spine Surg. 2019;13(3):270-274.
22. Cohen GR, Friedman CP, Ryan AM, Richardson CR, Adler-Milstein J. Variation in Physicians' Electronic Health Record Documentation and Potential Patient Harm from That Variation. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(11):2355-2367.
23. Connor JP, Raife T, Medow JE, Ehlenfeldt BD, Sipsma K. The blood utilization calculator, a target-based electronic decision support algorithm, increases the use of single-unit transfusions in a large academic medical center. Transfusion. 2018;58(7):1689-1696.
24. Corwin HL, Theus JW, Cargile CS, Lang NP. Red blood cell transfusion: impact of an education program and a clinical guideline on transfusion practice. J Hosp Med. 2014;9(12):745-749.
25. Dunbar NM, Szczepiorkowski ZM. Hardwiring patient blood management: harnessing information technology to optimize transfusion practice. Curr Opin Hematol. 2014;21(6):515-520.
26. Fernandez Perez ER, Winters JL, Gajic O. The addition of decision support into computerized physician order entry reduces red blood cell transfusion resource utilization in the intensive care unit. Am J Hematol. 2007;82(7):631-633.
27. Goodnough LT, Shah N. The next chapter in patient blood management: real-time clinical decision support. Am J Clin Pathol. 2014;142(6):741-747.
28. Goodnough LT, Shah N. Is there a "magic" hemoglobin number? Clinical decision support promoting restrictive blood transfusion practices. Am J Hematol. 2015;90(10):927-933.
29. Kassakian SZ, Yackel TR, Deloughery T, Dorr DA. Clinical Decision Support Reduces Overuse of Red Blood Cell Transfusions: Interrupted Time Series Analysis. Am J Med. 2016;129(6):636 e613-620.
30. Li RC, Chen JH. Web Exclusive. Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - Realizing the Promises of Hospital Electronic Order Sets. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(4):HO2-HO3.
31. McWilliams B, Triulzi DJ, Waters JH, Alarcon LH, Reddy V, Yazer MH. Trends in RBC ordering and use after implementing adaptive alerts in the electronic computerized physician order entry system. Am J Clin Pathol. 2014;141(4):534-541.
32. Patel VM, Rains AW, Clark CT. Effectiveness of Provider Education Followed by Computerized Provider Order Entry Alerts in Reducing Inappropriate Red Blood Cell Transfusion. J Blood Transfus. 2016;2016:2859720.
33. Rana R, Afessa B, Keegan MT, et al. Evidence-based red cell transfusion in the critically ill: quality improvement using computerized physician order entry. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(7):1892-1897.
34. Rothschild JM, McGurk S, Honour M, et al. Assessment of education and computerized decision support interventions for improving transfusion practice. Transfusion. 2007;47(2):228-239.
35. Sardar M, Azharuddin M, Subedi A, Ghatage P, Du D, Szallasi A. Improving Blood Transfusion Practices in a Community Hospital Setting: Our Experience with Real-Time Clinical Decision Support. Med Sci (Basel). 2018;6(3).
36. Sim EY, Tan DJA, Abdullah HR. The use of computerized physician order entry with clinical decision support reduces practice variance in ordering preoperative investigations: A retrospective cohort study. Int J Med Inform. 2017;108:29-35.
37. Smith M, Triulzi DJ, Yazer MH, Rollins-Raval MA, Waters JH, Raval JS. Implementation of a simple electronic transfusion alert system decreases inappropriate ordering of packed red blood cells and plasma in a multi-hospital health care system. Transfus Apher Sci. 2014;51(3):53-58.
38. Vuokko R, Makela-Bengs P, Hypponen H, Lindqvist M, Doupi P. Impacts of structuring the electronic health record: Results of a systematic literature review from the perspective of secondary use of patient data. Int J Med Inform. 2017;97:293-303.
39. Wachsberg KN, O'Leary KJ, Buck R, et al. Impact of Real-Time Clinical Decision Support on Blood Utilization and Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Solid Tumor Cancer. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2019;45(1):57-62.
40. Warner MA, Schaefer KK, Madde N, Burt JM, Higgins AA, Kor DJ. Improvements in red blood cell transfusion utilization following implementation of a single-unit default for electronic ordering. Transfusion. 2019;59(7):2218-2222.
41. Lee TC, Almeida N, Pelletier P, McDonald EG. Comparison of Blood Transfusion Rates Before and After Implementation of a Quality Improvement Initiative for Transfusion Safety and Appropriateness. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(1):e2252253.
42. Carson JL, Stanworth SJ, Alexander JH, et al. Clinical trials evaluating red blood cell transfusion thresholds: An updated systematic review and with additional focus on patients with cardiovascular disease. American Heart Journal. 2018;200:96-101.
43. Hebert PC, Carson JL. Transfusion threshold of 7 g per deciliter--the new normal. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(15):1459-1461.
44. Yazer MH, Triulzi DJ. AABB Red Blood Cell Transfusion Guidelines: Something for Almost Everyone. JAMA. 2016;316(19):1984-1985.
45. Gammon RR, Blanton K, Gilstad C, et al. How do we obtain and maintain patient blood management certification? Transfusion. 2022;62(8):1483-1494.
46. Shander A, Goodnough LT. From Tolerating Anemia to Treating Anemia. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(2):125-126.
47. Deans KJ, Minneci PC, Danner RL, Eichacker PQ, Natanson C. Practice misalignments in randomized controlled trials: Identification, impact, and potential solutions. Anesth Analg. 2010;111(2):444-450.
48. Deans KJ, Minneci PC, Suffredini AF, et al. Randomization in clinical trials of titrated therapies: unintended consequences of using fixed treatment protocols. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(6):1509-1516.
49. Ducrocq G, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Puymirat E, et al. Effect of a Restrictive vs Liberal Blood Transfusion Strategy on Major Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Anemia: The REALITY Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021;325(6):552-560.
50. Durand-Zaleski I, Ducrocq G, Mimouni M, et al. Economic evaluation of restrictive vs. liberal transfusion strategy following acute myocardial infarction (REALITY): trial-based cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2023;9(2):194-202.
51. Ejaz A, Frank SM, Spolverato G, Kim Y, Pawlik TM. Potential Economic Impact of Using a Restrictive Transfusion Trigger Among Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery. JAMA Surg. 2015;150(7):625-630.
52. Leahy MF, Hofmann A, Towler S, et al. Improved outcomes and reduced costs associated with a health-system-wide patient blood management program: a retrospective observational study in four major adult tertiary-care hospitals. Transfusion. 2017;57(6):1347-1358.
53. Steinberg IoMCoSfDTCPG, Robin G, Michelle M, Dianne Miller W, Sheldon G, Earl. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust. 2011.
54. Cook DA, Pencille LJ, Dupras DM, Linderbaum JA, Pankratz VS, Wilkinson JM. Practice variation and practice guidelines: Attitudes of generalist and specialist physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0191943.
55. Berwick DM. Controlling variation in health care: a consultation from Walter Shewhart. Med Care. 1991;29(12):1212-1225.
56. Berwick DM, Godrey AB, Roessner J. Curing Health Care: New Strategies for Quality Improvement. Jossey-Bass Publishers; 1990.
57. Smith K. Standardization as a key to quality. Healthc Pap. 2009;9(3):56-58; discussion 60-52.
58. Leotsakos A, Zheng H, Croteau R, et al. Standardization in patient safety: the WHO High 5s project. Int J Qual Health Care. 2014;26(2):109-116.
59. Klein HG, Flegel WA, Natanson C. Red Blood Cell Transfusion: Precision vs Imprecision Medicine. JAMA. 2015;314(15):1557-1558.
60. Carson JL, Guyatt G, Heddle NM, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines From the AABB: Red Blood Cell Transfusion Thresholds and Storage. JAMA. 2016;316(19):2025-2035.
61. Prasad V, Cifu A. Medical reversal: why we must raise the bar before adopting new technologies. Yale J Biol Med. 2011;84(4):471-478.